Alphabets of Africa

SUDAN

TOPOSA (EASTERN NILOTIC, TESO-TURKANA)

PHONEMES AND ORTHOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS

EXAMPLES

ivi

P

/b/

b

N

t

Id/

d

w

c

ifrj

J

M

k

/g/

9

N

i

M

i

/e/

e

/£/

e

An/

m

M

n

ffl

ny

W

/s/
N
M
M

/y/

/u/
M

lol
hi

/a/ a

Vowel harmony is not differentiated in the orthography.

Voiceless vowels (/V/): i, u (the remainder not represented in
orthography)

apa
nyebu
nyecom
nycderjo

g

nyegcte

i

ito

i

tokesi!

j

nyejamu

k

nyekori

1

nyaliru

ra

nyemorj

n

nyanam

nv

nyenyam

D

nyirjok

o

odo

P

nyepir

r

nycrot

s

nycscbv.

t

nyetuko

u

nyauno

u

topetn!

w

nyewapet

y

loyomo

father

hyena

baboon

basket

yes

gazelle

mother

comb your hair!

cow-skin

giraffe

spear

ox

river

marrow

dog

tag

pole

toad

stick

zebra

rope

kick here!

eland

hornbill

Tones:

Only high tone is marked on the past tense marker
in verbs: e and i.

ALPHABET

a

ijklmnnyQO

prstuuwy

number of graphemes 24

276

Alphabets of Africta

edited by

Published by UNESCO Regional Office in Dakar (BREDA)
12, Avenue Roume, B.P 3311, Dakar, Senegal

Rhonda L. Hartell isbn : 92-9091-020-3 © unesco 1993

Printed by BREDA Press